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Afroasiatic etymology :

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\data\semham\afaset
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔalVn-
Meaning: tree
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *ʔaly-ān- '(oak)tree'
Egyptian: Cf. ʕnn.w (med) 'tree'
Central Chadic: *luHun- 'tree'
Notes: Ch *la/yan- 'bush' (W DB lan, E Dangla lɛ̀lnyɔ̀) probably does not belong to this root.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔaly- (?)
Meaning: fleshy part of the thigh; fat tail
Semitic: *ʔaly-at- 'fat tail (of a the sheep); fleshy part of the thigh, buttocks'
Western Chadic: *yuwal- 'thigh'
Beḍauye (Beja): ʔaali 'back of leg below knee'
Notes: Insufficient data. WCh vocalism different. The Beḍ form may be an Arabism.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔam-
Meaning: woman
Semitic: *ʔam- 'maid, girl'
Egyptian: imꜣ.t (OK) 'female' (?)
Western Chadic: *ʔam- 'woman'
Central Chadic: ZB ʔám 'to marry' [Sa]
East Chadic: *tama < *ta-ʔam- 'woman' (?)
High East Cushitic: Burji aama 'woman, wife' (also 'mother' - v. 2449)
Omotic: Ong ʔáima 'woman', Ham ma, mei, Ari ma(a)
Notes: Rather to be separated from *ʔVma ~ *ma(y) 'mother'.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔam-
Meaning: eat
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Egyptian: ʕm (n) 'swallow' - Cf.
Western Chadic: *ʔVm- 'eat soft food'
East Chadic: *ʔay/wVm- 'eat (hard things)' 1, 'bite' 2
Central Cushitic (Agaw): Aungi ǝŋ-, Qemant (y)ǝŋ 'to bite' EDE I 93 after Appl
South Cushitic: *ʔam- 'chew' ?
Notes: Descriptive stem. Cf. *ham- id. (3120).
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔam-
Meaning: catch, seize
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Egyptian: ꜣmm (pyr) 'catch, seize'
Central Chadic: *ʔ/w/yam- 'catch' 1, 'take' 2, 'hunt' 3
East Chadic: *ʔwam- 'catch' 1, 'hold' 2
Notes: Related to *ʔam- 'hand, arm' ?
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔam-
Meaning: forearm, arm, hand
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *ʔamm-at- 'elbow, forearm'
Western Chadic: *ʔam- 'hand' 1, 'arm' 2, 'branch' 3
Central Chadic: *yam-ay- 'hand'
Notes: Cf. HSED, 33 *ʔam- 'hand, arm': Sem; WCh. ( also quoted are Bgh am-ŝi and Geji wom-ẑi, but without any evidence demonstrating that the -ŝi/ẑi element is a suffix or part of a composed stem). Actually 'arm', not 'hand'. The comment "Related to *ʔam- "catch, seize" (for the semantic development cf., for example, Lith ranka "hand" ~ rinkti "grasp, seize")" is wrong as the meaning of both Semitic and WCh. nominal roots points not to 'hand', but to 'arm/forearm/elbow'. The meaning 'hand' is ascribed to the reconstructed root by the authors under the influence of their own idea of relation with "catch, seize". A typical vicious circle of argumentation.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔamas-
Meaning: darkness, evening
Semitic: *(ʔa-)mVš- 'night' 1, 'last night' 2, 'yesterday' 3, 'evening' 4, 'twilight' 5
Central Chadic: *mVs- 'evening'
Beḍauye (Beja): amas 'late evening' (unless <Arb.)
South Cushitic: *ʔamas- 'middle of the night' 1, 'tomorrow' 2
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔamb-ar-
Meaning: mouth, muzzle, trunk
Berber: *Hamb- 'mouth'
Western Chadic: *(Ha-)mabar- 'mouth'
Beḍauye (Beja): ambar 'mouth'
Low East Cushitic: *Humb- 'elephant's trunk'
South Cushitic: *Himba(r)- 'aardvark' (?)
Notes: Scarce data.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔam-bVr-
Meaning: termite
Semitic: *hab(b)ūr- 'spider' 1, 'ant' 2
Central Chadic: *mVbur- 'termite'
Beḍauye (Beja): *(ʔem-)bir-at 'termite'
Low East Cushitic: *ʔabor- 'termites' (coll.)
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔam/n-)giraw-
Meaning: cat, lion
Semitic: *girr- 'lion' ~ *gargVr- 'leopard' (~ ǯarwal- 'serwal, lynx' ?)
Western Chadic: *ngar- 'wild cat'
Central Chadic: *ʔam-gʷar- 'cat'
Low East Cushitic: *girw- 'cat' ~ *garm- 'lion'
High East Cushitic: *giraʔw- 'cat' ~ *garm- 'lion (unless both < Omot)
Warazi (Dullay): *garm- 'lion'
Dahalo (Sanye): ŋgūro 'small black longtailed rodent'
Omotic: *giraw- ~ *gawar- 'cat' ~ *garm- 'lion'
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔan-
Meaning: go, walk
Western Chadic: *ʔVn- 'go'
Central Chadic: *ʔan- 'return'
East Chadic: *ʔanwa- 'come, enter'
Low East Cushitic: *ʔan-
Omotic: *ʔaŋ-
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔan-
Meaning: deictic element in 1st and 2d p. sing. and 1 p. plur. excl.
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Notes: See ND 47; also adding Eg. i'n 'particle introducing the focalized nominal subject in a cleft sentence'.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)na/if-
Meaning: breath, blowing
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *ʔanp- (<*ʔa-nVp-) 'nose'
Berber: *-naf- 'fresh humid wind'
Egyptian: nf.t (OK) 'fan', nf (NK) 'breath; wind'
Central Chadic: *nip/f- 'breathe' 1, 'life' 2
Beḍauye (Beja): nifi 'to blow (wind)'
Saho-Afar: *naf- 'breath, soul' 1, 'face' 2
Low East Cushitic: *na/ēf- 'breath' 1, soul' 2, 'life' 3
Omotic: *nap- 'blow, swell'
Notes: Cf. EDE 126-7. Cf. HSED, 1828 *naf- 'breath' (Eg.; Saho 'breath' and Afar 'face', which is semantically doubtful; Som. 'breath, soul' and Oromo and Arbore 'body' which is very philosophical to relate with 'soul', though wrong, as 'soul' comes from 'breath' and it is hard to imagine the reconstructed term giving rise to 'breath' in some daughter languages and 'body', in others) and 1865 *nif- 'smell, breathe' (Sem. *nVpaḥ- supposedly "secondary formation based on *nap-", which is impossible to prove or disprove; Eg. nfy; CCh. *nif-, with *-f -prompted only by Eg. as both examples quoted have -p). Considering CCh. *-i-, Saho -a-, and Som. -a-/-ē (the other examples in both entries are irrelevant for semantical, and Eg., for phonetical reasons), there is not a least ground to reconstruct two roots.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔanbab-
Meaning: plant, flower
Semitic: *ʔanbab- 'fruit, flower, shoot'
Western Chadic: *ʔanbib- 'flower'
Central Cushitic (Agaw): *Ha(m)bab- 'flower' 1, 'to blossom' 2, 'to perfume the milk jar with the smoke of sweet-smelling herbs' 3
Saho-Afar: *ʔambāb-, pl. *ʔanbōb- 'flower'
Low East Cushitic: *abab- 'kind of flower'
Notes: Cf. HSED 43
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔa(n)bVr-
Meaning: wing
Semitic: *ʔa/ibr- 'pinion, wing'
Beḍauye (Beja): ʔan/mbur 'wing'
Notes: <*bi/arr- 'to fly, jump'?
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔa(n)d-
Meaning: rock
Western Chadic: *daHy- or *Hady- 'stone' 1, 'mountain' 2
East Chadic: *dVHVy- stone 1, mountain 2
Saho-Afar: *ḍaH- 'stone' , cf.
High East Cushitic: *ḍah- 'stone ', cf.
Omotic: *ʔa(n)d- 'mountain'
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔandaw-
Meaning: mouse
Central Chadic: *mV-ʔV(n)dVw- 'rat'
Saho-Afar: *ʔandaw- 'mouse, rat'
Notes: Scarce data. Cf. Eg ḥntꜣ (med) 'kind of animal' and LEC *ʔantu-: Oromo antu-ta 'mouse'.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔan-)gaʔid-
Meaning: upper part of breast with the neck
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *ʔan-gīd(-aʔ)- 'neck' 1, 'breast' 2
Western Chadic: *nV-gʷīʔad- 'neck'
East Chadic: *gV(H)Vd- ? 'neck'
Low East Cushitic: *gaHad- 'breast'
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔan-)ḳʷa(n)ḥ-
Meaning: egg
Semitic: *(ʔan-)ḳʷaḥḳʷaḥ- 'egg'
Beḍauye (Beja): kʷahi (<*ḳʷaḥ-?) 'egg'
Saho-Afar: *ʔunḳoḳoḥ- 'egg'
Low East Cushitic: *ʔanḳaḳu 'egg'
High East Cushitic: *ḳunḳ- 'egg'
South Cushitic: *ḳanḥ- 'egg'
Notes: Borrowing to Eth from ECu or visa versa is possible. Cf. SIFKYa 282; HSED, 1471 *koh- 'egg ': Hs, Grk; Beja; Gaw. Cf. Bla Review 503. Cf. *ʔ/ʕugaḥ/h- 'egg' and *ḳʷay(ʔ)- id.
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔan/m-)ḳVr(n)-
Meaning: frog
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *(ʔ/ʕa-n-)ḳVr(-n)- 'frog'
Berber: *(ʔam-)ḳ(ʷ)ark(ʷ)Vr 'toad' 1, 'frog' 2
Egyptian: ḳrr 'frog' (n)
Western Chadic: *karVnkaw 'frog'
Central Chadic: *kVr-Vn-
East Chadic: *kVr-Vn-
Notes: Cf. Dolg AAN 18: Arb.; Eg.; Ch. (incl. forms meaning 'turtle')
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